Ford says it takes up to 10 years to complete permitting requirements for critical mineral mining in the US, versus two to three years in Canada and Australia.
When the additional facilities come on line between 2024 and 2026, Toyota's battery production capacity in the two countries will have increased by 40 gigawatt-hours.
Prior to this development, less than 10% of the melting temperatures of the 200,000-plus inorganic compounds that have been identified on earth were known.
In a paper published in the journal Nature, the researchers explain that the new battery architecture uses aluminum and sulphur as its two electrode materials.
The company estimates it will take three years to permit and build the graphite manufacturing facility and on average, the plant would produce about 49,615 tonnes of anode material per year.