The surge came from the nearby Conchas Norte mine, which closed due to flooding in 1996 and has since accumulated nearly 2 million cubic metres of water.
Brazil's comptroller general decided the miner failed to present reliable information on the conditions of the tailings dam prior to the 2019 disaster.
Mining companies around the world are turning to new technologies to extract more from current operations as new deposits become pricier and trickier to find and develop.
The Petro administration, which took office on Sunday, has proposed a tax reform bill to Congress that would raise $5.8 billion in 2023 in an effort to increase revenue for anti-poverty programs.