In a world fighting climate change, fossil fuels take revenge
The cost of coal has surged above $200 a tonne, surpassing the 2008 peak during the last commodity boom, and natural gas in Europe and Asia is at an all time high.
The U.S. Treasury in April imposed sanctions against billionaire Oleg Deripaska and eight companies in which he is a large shareholder, including aluminum exporter Rusal, in response to what it termed "malign activities" by Russia.
Egypt recently bought gold for the first time since 1978, India, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines have re-entered the gold market after years-long absences.
The scientists, from the University of Bergen in Norway, are sending robots 2,500 metres (8,000 feet) down into the waters between Norway and Greenland.