Five themes to watch for European miners after humbling year

While all eyes may be on the sovereign debt crisis in Europe or the ongoing jobs and budget battle in the U.S., Ian Bremmer says that the biggest economic concern is China, the world's leading importer of both copper and iron ore. Ian Bremmer, president of Eurasia Group, a global political risk research and consulting firm, hears lots of criticism about the hard decisions are being put off in both Europe and the U.S., and the literal can is being kicked down the road. "The largest can that is getting kicked furthest down the road right now is clearly in Beijing," says Bremmer who spoke to Bloomberg last week.

China's position as the world's economic engine is being reinforced as expectations for growth in developed markets wane, but so is the risk a decline in its appetite for metals and minerals may mean the Asian giant won't offset any Western slowdown.

An $85 billion expansion of the iron ore industry in Australia will not depress the price of the crucial steelmaking ingredient because the major producers will simply curtail their outputs. Martin Place Securities head of research Greg Burns told AAP the current wave of Australia-wide expansions that could effectively double current capacity of 465Mt to one billion tonnes by December 2016 will not have an upward effect on prices because the major producers will simply pull back on production to tighten up supply. Nor will some of the planned projects get off the ground, he predicts. Sky News reports:

Diamond producer De Beers expects global demand growth for rough diamonds to set a new record this year on the exceptionally strong performance of its key US market and robust demand in China and India, the head of the company’s distribution arm said. Despite global volatility and concerns that the global economy is sliding towards another financial crisis, demand for diamonds was unlikely to be badly impacted because of its safe-haven appeal, Diamond Trading Co (DTC) Chief Executive Varda Shine told Reuters in an interview on Monday.

Gold investment demand in China is likely to top a record 200 metric tons this year, the World Gold Council said. The country’s investment demand surged 70 percent in 2010 to an all-time high of 187 tons, said Albert Cheng, the Far East managing director at the World Gold Council. China’s “investment demand has picked up exponentially,” Cheng said yesterday in an interview in Montreal. “The financial crisis has triggered people to be cautious of anything they don’t understand,” boosting demand for bullion as an alternative asset.

Xinhua News reports the mining operations of China National Coal in Shaanxi Province, the country's coal heartland, were ordered suspended after eight miners were confirmed dead in a colliery flooding on Saturday. Officials said the flooding exposed "serious problems" in the implementation of safety measures and the company would only resume operations after an overhaul. State-owned ChinaCoal is the country's second largest coal producer at 154 million tonnes/year. Due to a paucity of gas and oil China relies on coal for 70% of its energy needs and government analysts expect annual coal demand to reach at least 4 billion metric tons by 2020 even after taking into account unprecedented levels of investment in nuclear, wind, solar, and hydro. Official statistics show the death rate per million metric tons of coal produced stood at 2.63 in 2010.

Anvil Mining (TSE:AVM), a copper miner based in the central Africa, tamped down speculation that it may be acquired for $1 billion. Australian Finance Review reported that it was in serious discussion with a Chinese firm about some sort of business tie up. Last month, Anvil announced that it started a strategic review process and the company had formed a special transaction committee to ". . . review and consider the value maximizing alternatives available to the Corporation. BMO Capital Markets has been retained to assist in this regard," said the company in a statement.

According to a recently released WikiLeaks cable, China is shifting some of its massive foreign holdings into gold and away from the U.S. dollar, undermining the dollar's role as the world's reserve currency.

As the United States and its allies look back on a weekend of memorials and tributes to the nearly 3,000 victims of 9/11, the country that was struck in retaliation for the 2001 attack on America could become a hotbed of mining. The National reports that Indian firms are bidding billions of dollars for a contract to mine iron ore in a central district of Afghanistan: "A consortium led by the state-run Steel Authority of India (SAIL) could invest up to US$6 billion (Dh22bn) in the mine, railroads and a steel plant in a race with China to lock in raw materials for two of the world's fastest-growing economies."