James Marape, a former finance minister who became leader after winning a vote in parliament, put some of the world's biggest resources companies on notice over a perceived lack of wealth flowing from their projects back to communities.
Lynas' status as a non-Chinese producer came into sharper focus this week after major Chinese newspapers reported Beijing was ready to use rare earths to strike back in its trade war with the US.
The 216 million tonne Jongju deposit 150km north of Pyongjang, theoretically worth trillions of dollars, would more than double the current global known resource of REE oxides.
By law, all gold produced by small miners in the Philippines should be sold to the central bank at around market price, but miners have circumvented taxes introduced in 2011 by selling on the black market.