The accident killed 19 people, left hundreds homeless and unemployed and caused sludge to wash downstream into the neighbouring state of Espírito Santo.
Kinross Gold to pay $950,000 to settle civil charges that it failed to ensure its payments in Africa were not being used to bribe government officials.
Producers in South Africa are closing shafts and cutting jobs as a stronger rand combines with stagnating prices for the metal in squeezing profit margins.
The are two main factors that appear to be emerging that may threaten an end to the current quite rosy picture surrounding demand for commodities such as iron ore, steel and the metals most exposed to the battery boom, cobalt, lithium and nickel.