According to S&P, global exploration budgets are expected to increase between 5% and 15% in 2022.

After a $16bn spending spree, Chinese owned copper mines overseas now produce some 1.2 million tonnes annually – that’s not nearly enough.

Namdeb, a joint venture between the Namibian government and the diamond giant, has extended its land-based mines’ life by 20 years.

In the three months ended Sept. 30, total preliminary gold production rose to 1.09 million ounces, from 1.04 million ounces in the previous quarter