Vale sees expenses with Brumadinho disaster at $2.7bn to $3.2bn in 2021
Vale also sees its financial expenses in 2021 at $0.8-billion to $1.1-billion.
Vale also sees its financial expenses in 2021 at $0.8-billion to $1.1-billion.
Rio Tinto operates six of its 16 mines and three rail lines on the group's traditional lands.
The world's largest diamond producer will build up its cooperation with state-controlled diamond company Bakwanga, known as MIBA.
Researchers say sand and gravel are the most mined materials in the world, with between 32 and 50 billion tonnes extracted globally each year.
The company hired Ghana-based Harlequin International to initiate the refurbishment of Bibiani's 3 million tonne per annum processing plant.
Coal mining is more commonly criticised by environmentalists for polluting air and water, degrading landscapes and fuelling climate change than for creating new wildlife habitats.
Both copper and silver are being increasingly demanded in green energy applications.
The success of either bid will put high-profile Ring of Fire nickel asset in Australian hands.
New draft laws put greater emphasis on agreement between Indigenous groups and developers, but the government retains the final decision in heritage disputes.
With FLSmidth's acquisition of German engineering firm Thyssenkrupp’s mining business, a combination was born that will create a global mining technology provider.