Among the projects that could be affected should Lula win and impose the special royalty rate are a series of Vale-operated iron ore complexes in the Carajas region of northern Brazil.
"It makes us the largest collector, packager and processor of both end of life batteries and battery manufacturing scrap in North America,” says CEO David Klanecky.
Europe's power crisis, production cuts and shortages of aluminum have left consumers in a quandary about Russian supplies of the metal vital for the region's transport, construction and packaging industries.