The federal government last year approved 40 billion euros in aid to Germany’s four main coal regions to cushion the structural impact of plant closures.
The Brazilian constitution permits the extraction of raw materials from the reserves but a lack of regulation has resulted in widespread wildcat mining across the region.
But competition from a state-run monopoly, which gets its coal mines free, may stymie Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s efforts to attract more investments into the sector.
The FTSE/JSE Africa Platinum Mining Index jumped 4.9% Wednesday, taking its advance this year to 6.5%, as palladium touched an all-time high above $2,100 an ounce.