Last year Zimbabwe tripled the royalties platinum miners must pay the government to 7% and more than doubled those for lithium to 5%.

Platinum prices are down about 15% so far in 2023.

The Supreme Court said earlier this month that the federal government’s broad-based environmental reviews around large mines and major infrastructure associated are unconstitutional.

The miner launched a multi-billion dollar project aimed at reducing sulphur dioxide emissions by 45% in Norilsk.

The world's biggest platinum miner by value produced 909,700 ounces of refined PGMs in the three months to Sept. 30.

The MRE showed a substantial increase in tonnes and contained metals over historical estimates provided by Vale.