Japanese researchers discovered that the use of manganese oxide is advantageous for industrial heat storage.

The assets, worth about $1.2 billion, include Mineracao Corumbaense, Mineracao Mato Grosso, International Iron Company and Transbarge Navegacion ventures.

Even if every lithium, cobalt, nickel and graphite green and brownfield project in the pipeline comes on stream “there will not be enough” raw material going into 2030.

The White House is set to add battery materials to the list of items covered by the 1950 Defense Production Act.