They'll hand back more than 175,000 hectares of prime conservation land they have held since 1971 to West Australia, ditching plans to build a bauxite mine and an alumina refinery in the area.
The U.S. miner said the sale is part of a strategy to divest non-core assets and focus on supplying iron ore pellets to the North American steel industry.
There are a number of challenges South32 is likely to face, including potential Black Economic Empowerment ownership concessions and power price hikes.