Even as consumption growth for other commodities like grain probably will trail off in the next 30 years, metals will remain in high demand, the bank said.

"Demand hopes have given way to demand concerns," said Commerzbank analyst Daniel Briesemann.

Previously, state-owned AGKM planned the placement of shares by the end of 2024, but the authorities have decided to carry out a local listing first.

Las Bamas acknowledges that 20% of its obligations under a resettlement agreement are outstanding, including the purchase of new lands for the community.

Expansion will be transformational, says Arriagada.

Increased prices for fossil fuels have shifted the conversation, potentially benefitting oil and gas projects in Africa as importers scramble to diversify supply chains away from Russia.

Global miners are deploying a raft of new leaching technologies that can extract low concentrations of copper from waste rock and help avoid lengthy mine permitting delays.

Barrick Gold has nearly doubled its inventory of some key supplies at mines, CEO Mark Bristow says.