Canada's First Quantum Minerals sent two notifications of intent to start an arbitration process against Panama.

Protesters attacked workers leaving the Cobre Panama mine early Sunday.

When the International Copper Study Group met last October, it was expecting a market surplus of 155,000 tonnes in 2023. In May, the group changed that to a 114,000-tonne deficit.

In 25 of the 114 rivers surveyed by the study, more than half of the future salmon habitat would lie within 5 kilometres of a mining claim.

Demand for battery metals for EVs far exceeds global mining capacity.

The future of Cobre Panama faces uncertainty after widespread protests erupted last month.

The prospect of too many smelters chasing a finite amount of raw material is at the forefront of many Chinese producers' minds.