The gathering brought together CEOs from more than 50 companies from the oil and gas sector and the aluminum, steel and cement industries.

Key ministers in President Cyril Ramaphosa’s government have attacked the switch to renewable energy.

Volumes shipped at RBCT have dropped to the lowest level in decades.

Coal is widely excluded from investment portfolios, and many banks have placed significant restrictions on lending to avoid it.

Transnet has been hobbled by sabotage, cable theft and aging equipment.

Coronado has expansion options including developments in Queensland, Australia and at Mon Valley in southwest Pennsylvania.

Leftist President Gustavo Petro has made it his goal to wean the South American nation off its dependence on oil and coal exports.