Eramet produces first lithium from Centenario plant in Argentina
Eramet becomes the first European company to produce lithium carbonate at an industrial scale.
Century Lithium’s (TSXV: LCE) shares fell after issuing a feasibility study for its flagship Clayton Valley project in Nevada using a long-term lithium price estimate.
The study released on Monday gave Clayton Valley an after-tax net present value, discounted at 8%, of approximately $3 billion. It has an after-tax internal rate of return of 17%.
Tthe calculations assumed prices of $24,000 per tonne for lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and $600 per tonne for sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a product of Century’s chloride-based leaching process. The current price of Li2CO3 is $15,100 a tonne compared with $27,050 a year ago, according to The Wall St. Journal.
Shares of Century Lithium fell nearly 10% to C$0.64 apiece on Monday morning in Toronto, valuing the company at C$95.2 million ($70 million).
The proposed 40-year mine could generate an average of 34,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) of battery-quality Li2CO3. It would cost about $3.5 billion to build over three stages, according to the feasibility report.
The company said it will now direct its focus on engineering and permitting and advance funding discussions to move the project forward. For the past two years it’s been piloting its patent-pending chloride leaching process combined with direct lithium extraction (DLE) for battery metal recovery.
“The study indicates our project has robust economics, made possible with our unique chlor-alkali and DLE processes,” CEO Bill Willoughby said in a release.
“Our process technology was developed by way of many trials and successes at our pilot plant in Amargosa Valley. As one of the few lithium-focused pilot plants in North America, we continue to operate safely.”
A lithium recovery rate of 78% was used in the feasibility study, based on pilot plant data, the company said. Lithium extractions averaged 88% and DLE lithium recoveries were typically above 90%.
Production is to come from a mineral reserve base totalling 287.7 million tonnes at an average grade of 1,149 parts per million lithium containing 330,000 tonnes of lithium, or about 1.8 million tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent.
The project is to start with a production capacity of 13,000 tpa during stage one, then ramp up to 28,000 tpa in stage two, and 41,000 tpa in stage three. Stages one and two are to last five years each, while stage three 3 is maintained for 30 years.
Capital cost for the initial stage is estimated at more than $1.5 billion. The latter two stages are to cost $650 million and $1.3 billion, respectively. The project’s cash flow is to pay for the expansions.
In late 2020, the company shifted from using sulfuric acid to extract lithium at Clayton Valley and began to test hydrochloric acid for its improved compatibility with the deposit’s chemistry. The benefits included higher lithium extractions, lower reagent consumption and the ability to use certain DLE technologies.
A key component of the project with chloride-based leaching is a chlor-alkali plant, which provides the ability to produce the key reagents HCl (hydrochloric acid) and NaOH on-site from the electrolysis of a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.
According to Century, the chlor-alkali plant represents a greater capital investment relative to that of a sulfuric acid plant, but has important environmental and economic benefits for the sustainability of the project.
Additionally, the chlor-alkali plant will generate significant quantities of NaOH surplus to the project’s operational needs and therefore available for sale, helping to offset the lithium operation’s costs, the company said.
