Sibanye said it issued lock-out notices to all union members as it had been negotiating with a coalition of unions.

In the heady days of the 2000s commodities supercycle, Vale made a $17 billion bet on a metal used mainly to make stainless steel.

The United States last week imposed sanctions on the billionaire as part of several rounds of measures Washington has taken.

Announced on International Women’s Day, Teck is the first mining company to sign on to the pledge.

The frenzied move was the largest-ever on the LME.

The company is forecasting 0.5% lower global growth than previously anticipated.

Board members at Russian companies, including the British chairmen of gold and silver producer Polymetal, have quit in response to the conflict in Ukraine.