The use of DLE technologies is a core part of SQM's long-awaited joint venture agreement with state-controlled Codelco.

The rare earths producer said it is also progressing pre-construction activities for its planned US rare earths processing facility.

Production from Ivanhoe's Kipushi zinc mine in Congo will now be split between several new buyers.

Sibanye took a $2.1 billion writedown on its unprofitable US assets earlier this year.

The KCM assets have also attracted interest from other investors, said Vedanta's chief executive for base metals.

Vale last tapped global markets in June of 2023, with a $1.5 billion sale of bonds.

Glencore plans to run down its thermal coal mines by the mid-2040s, closing at least 12 by 2035.