Historically, gold is notoriously difficult to trace, especially once metal from different sources has been melted together, erasing the original signatures.
The research will focus on the company's Tamarack project, which comprises an underground nickel-copper mine in central Minnesota and a battery mineral processing facility in North Dakota.
Europe could recycle enough battery materials to supply two million EVs in 2030, but energy costs and a lack of financial support mean it is unlikely to do so.