South Africa produced an energy-transition plan last year that estimated it will need 1.5 trillion rand ($82 billion) in investment over the next five years.

The People’s Bank of China raised its holdings by about 18 tons in March.

The global energy transition tops the list.

Australia is looking to partner with friendly nations to build up its value adding industry.

At peak levels, the world would need to dig up 3.3 gigatons of earth every year to obtain the necessary metals.

The original Tesla battery, owned and operated by France-based renewables group Neoen SA, is now a cornerstone of South Australia’s grid.

Saudi Arabia has spent more than $37 million since 2017 searching for deposits but only managed to identify reserves that would be “severely uneconomic” to mine.

The Imbabura provincial court said a 2014 environmental license and other permissions given for the Llurimagua project do not comply with proper parameters.