The photovoltaic effect of ferroelectric crystals can grow by creating crystalline layers of barium titanate, strontium titanate and calcium titanate.

Prices have surged about 40% just in September, outpacing all other major commodities.

China has been under the pressure from the US and other G-7 nations to halt its overseas support of coal power plants.

Calculations show that a single week’s worth of water from hydraulic fracturing in Texas’ Eagle Ford Shale has the potential to produce enough lithium for 300 EV batteries, or 1.7 million smartphones

New research shows that streams from heavily mined watersheds in the Appalachian mountains harbour 40% fewer species than streams with cleaner water.