Experiments on the International Space Station show that bacteria could enhance the removal of rare earth elements from basalt in lunar and Martian landscapes.

At the other end of the 20-company ranking was Rio Tinto Group, which scored -79 after explosions that damaged two Aboriginal Australian sites.

Heap leaching technology has become increasingly popular due to the cost advantages and environmental benefits it offers miners.

The Economic Community of West African States Court found Guinea responsible for the killing of six villagers and the wrongful arrest, injury or torture of 15 others at a 2012 protest.

Residents of Kabwe Town have high levels of toxic heavy metals and exhibit clinical symptoms of lead and cadmium toxicity.