$93bn a year needed for Africa infrastructure

“You will see us very present in Africa and putting our money where our mouth is in respect of the Copperbelt,” Kostas Bintas said.

The pact will see the government's share of diamonds from the Debswana joint venture gradually increase to 50% over the next decade.

This graphic underscores the scale of the challenge the bloc faces in strengthening its critical mineral supply by 2030.

Gold miners are generating cash, boosting dividends and announcing plans to buy back shares.