Visualizing the EU’s critical minerals gap by 2030
This graphic underscores the scale of the challenge the bloc faces in strengthening its critical mineral supply by 2030.
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Lowell developed a technique that uses only water, carbon dioxide and cobalt metal particles that have surface nanostructures measuring billionths of a meter in size, to produce hydrogen on demand at relatively low temperature and pressure and to use to power the next generation of electric vehicles.
According to David K. Ryan, the project’s principal investigator, hydrogen can be used in fuel cells, which combine hydrogen with oxygen from the air to produce electricity at up to 85% efficiency.
“Other investigators have used all kinds of methods to produce hydrogen, such as electrolysis, natural gas reforming and even metals such as zinc, iron and nickel with acids, but not catalytically with cobalt,” Ryan said in a media statement. “The carbonate is involved in the reaction but it doesn’t change or get consumed; it just helps facilitate the conversion of the cobalt metal to cobalt oxide, and this conversion produces the hydrogen and carbon dioxide.”
Chemistry Prof. David Ryan, right, and graduate student Ahmed Jawhari examine a prototype of their invention that produces hydrogen gas cleanly and efficiently. Photo by University of Massachusetts Lowell.
The scientist explained that the experimental setup consists of a stainless steel canister filled with cobalt. A carbonate solution made from carbon dioxide and water is pumped through the canister and then warmed up to about 150 degrees. The solution is also compressed to about three atmospheres, or 45 pounds per square inch, which is about the same pressure as in a car tire.
“Under these relatively low-temperature and modest-pressure conditions, we were able to produce hydrogen efficiently, to nearly 70%. Subsequent work has allowed us to produce hydrogen at greater than 95% purity,” Ryan said.
The researcher explained that in an electric car, the hydrogen from the canister can go directly to the fuel cell, where it is mixed with oxygen from the atmosphere to produce electricity and water. The water can then be looped back into the canister and mixed with the carbonate to form the catalytic solution. The electricity produced by the fuel cell can be used to power the canister’s pump, heater and compressor, as well as the car’s electric motors, rechargeable storage battery and headlights.
“This process doesn’t store any hydrogen gas, so it’s safe and poses no storage or transportation issues. Once you stop the flow of the carbonate solution or release pressure in the reaction chamber, the hydrogen production stops, so hydrogen is produced only as needed,” Ryan said.
The experts suggested that once the cobalt metal in the canister is used up – that is, converted to cobalt oxide – the car driver can swap out the canister with a new one every 300 to 400 miles. The cobalt in the old canister can then be regenerated, using a renewable energy source such as wind or solar.
“So instead of going to a gas station to get a fill-up, you can go to a ‘refueling’ station and get a new canister. You can also bring extras for long trips,” Ryan said.
17 Comments
Normand
I would love an electric car…..we are all destroying our poor planet !
Gilles Fecteau
What about the CO2? Do you need to have it in addition to the cobalt canister?
This could really make a market for CO2 capture.
Vb
Lol! What will happen with the water when it will be -30 in Canada! Lol!
trkuwait
If we can obtain hydrogen from the canister Why don’t use it in a conventional motor?
Undertow of Discourse
Sounds good, but what is the cost ? There are multiple technologies but cost is the key.
ed
Sounds simple enough. Convienence good. Cost may be the factor here.
Rob Legate
This is why things like carbon taxes are important. They help fund and motivate research for better solutions.
Oredigr
So, what is it about Co that makes it the ideal catalyst for this reaction? What happens when the temp is below freezing?
Mark Jhorr
Kinda confused..where is the energy gonna come from to produce the hydrogen?
Timothy Andrews
The cobalt reaction. Did you read the article?
Ed graves
Sure looks promising.
Better buy cobalt…
reclaimed purple
Colbalt is expensive , is it not ?
Patricia H
Sounds to me like it’s going to hurt even more children who have no say in being held captive and forced to work themselves to death. Certainly NOT an attractive advertisement for me to spend any money on something like this. No thanks, I choose not to encourage slavery in Africa.
Robert Carey
I did read the article. How much CO2 is produced and what happens to it?
Robert Carey
I read the article. Re “… and this conversion produces the hydrogen and carbon dioxide.” how much CO2 is produced and what happens to it? Isn’t the idea of electric vehicles to reduce CO2 generation?
Paul Govan
We need alternatives to batteries and to cobalt, nickel, lithium. Thankfully ultra-energy-dense supercapacitors will complement and gradually replace chemical batteries altogether. Superdielectrics Ltd – now backed by Rolls Royce plc – is the possibly the mining industry’s worst nightmare – potentially providing(quote) “between 50-500 times the energy density of li-ion batteries” , rechargeable in 60 seconds and good for circa a million charge cycles. All of these claims have been verified by one of Britain’s foremost electrochemists Professor David FERMIN.
PS. Superdielectrics also won first prize at the 2018 Clean Equity Awards in Monaco hosted by Prince Albert.
But we all knew that, right ?
Paul G
soarealb
“between 50-500 times the energy density of li-ion batteries” , rechargeable in 60 seconds and good for circa a million charge cycles.”
So 50-500…let’s say 356 times as dense as li-ion batteries…so a phone battery supercapacitor with the equivalent batery life of 1 year, since today a li-ion battery can get on average 1 full day of intensive use. Then if this is rechargeable 1 million times…assuming this supercapacitor chemistry lasts that long without deterioration, then it’s gonna last for a million years of charging and usage ?